Bai Pai Pingju in Tianjin: Guidelines for Protection, Development, and Inheritance

Abstract

Bai Pai Pingju in Tianjin, a distinctive school within the broader Pingju tradition, embodies a rich cultural heritage defined by expressive vocal techniques, emotive performances, and a specialized repertoire. This qualitative study investigates the preservation, development, and transmission of Bai Pai Pingju. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with experienced performers, instructors, and cultural practitioners, complemented by participant observation of performances, rehearsals, and training sessions. Using NVivo for thematic analysis, the study identified the pivotal roles of intergenerational transmission, mentorship, and community engagement in sustaining the art form. Institutional support—through educational initiatives, training programs, and public outreach—was also found to be essential for nurturing emerging talent and enhancing audience awareness. At the same time, challenges such as modernization, evolving audience preferences, and the declining number of traditional performers underscore the urgency of adaptive strategies. The findings reveal that the continuity of Bai Pai Pingju relies on a dynamic balance between preservation, innovation, and social support, where traditional techniques are not only documented and taught but also creatively integrated into contemporary contexts. By drawing on lived experiences and cultural practices, this research demonstrates how Bai Pai Pingju can sustain its relevance and vitality, ensuring that this treasured form of Tianjin’s artistic heritage is effectively transmitted to future generations.