A Study of Art History: A Survey of Yungang Grottoes by History Students

Abstract

This study aims to (1) explore learning challenges related to the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage through cave exploration, focusing on the Yungang Grottoes, and (2) apply art historical study methods to this cultural site. Employing qualitative research methods, including literature review, surveys, interviews, observations, group discussions, and workshops, data were collected from 35 participants and analyzed descriptively to meet the research objectives. The Yungang Grottoes, constructed between 460 and 524 AD during the Northern Wei Dynasty, are recognized as one of China’s four most exquisite Buddhist art grottoes. Over time, many stone sculptures have deteriorated, prompting preservation efforts informed by systematic surveys. The historical study method applied in this research involves five steps: defining the research topic, collecting evidence, analyzing and interpreting evidence, establishing relationships between findings, and presenting results. Key qualities developed in students studying history include objectivity, historical thinking, accuracy, orderliness, logic, honesty, and self-awareness. Archaeological study is approached through survey, excavation, analysis, and interpretation phases. The study concludes that engaging with cultural heritage through these methods enhances students' appreciation of its value and equips them with skills to apply technological tools in preservation and study.